Apparently Montesquieu followed Decartes and Locke more than traditionally Catholic natural law theories. Though he decries the legal positivism of Hobbes, intending "to attack the system of Hobbes, a terrible system which [makes] all virtues and all vices depend on the establishment of laws made by men," he argues more for natural right than natural law.
An Amateur Classicist's Review of Political Philosophy, Theology, and Literature, with Occasional Reflections on the Age That Is Passing
Saturday, September 04, 2004
Montesquieu and Natural Law
Natural Law, Natural Rights and Classical Liberalism: On Montesquieu's Critique of Hobbes by Michael Zuckert (PDF)
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